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Finance

NPV Calculator

Know instantly if your investment creates or destroys value

Calculator Inputs

Typically your WACC or required rate of return. E.g. 10 = 10% per period.

6 periods

Period 0 is usually the initial investment (enter as a negative number). Subsequent periods are cash inflows (positive) or outflows (negative).

Period 0
PV -$50,000.00
PV $9,090.91
PV $12,396.69
PV $13,523.67
PV $13,660.27
PV $15,523.03

Results

Project creates value (NPV > 0)

At this discount rate the investment returns more than it costs.

Net Present Value$14,194.57Accept project
Internal Rate of Return19.10%vs 10% required rate
Payback Period3 + 4.2 mo periodsUndiscounted basis
Profitability Index1.284PI > 1 = value created
Discount Rate10%
Initial Investment (Period 0)-$50,000.00
Total Undiscounted Cash Flows$38,000.00
Total Present Value of All Cash Flows$14,194.57
Net Present Value (NPV)$14,194.57
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)19.10%
Profitability Index (PI)1.2839
Payback Period (periods)3 + 4.2 mo

Cumulative NPV by Period

Period 0
-$50,000.00
Period 1
-$40,909.09
Period 2
-$28,512.40
Period 3
-$14,988.73
Period 4
-$1,328.46
Period 5
$14,194.57

Period-by-Period Breakdown

Detailed discount factor, present value, and cumulative NPV for each period.

How NPV Works

Net Present Value (NPV) converts every future cash flow into today's dollars using the formula: NPV = Σ CFₜ / (1 + r)ᵗ where r is the discount rate and t is the period number. Period 0 is typically the initial investment (negative). A positive NPV means the project earns more than the required return; a negative NPV means it earns less.

  • NPV > 0 — accept the project (value is created)
  • NPV < 0 — reject the project (value is destroyed)
  • IRR — the rate that makes NPV = 0; compare to your discount rate
  • Profitability Index — PV of future flows ÷ initial investment; >1 means worth it

Disclaimer: This tool provides estimates for educational purposes. Real investment decisions should account for taxes, inflation, risk adjustments, and qualitative factors. Consult a qualified financial advisor before making capital allocation decisions.

About

The NPV calculator computes the net present value of any investment by discounting future cash flows back to today's dollars. Enter your discount rate — typically your WACC or required rate of return — and a series of cash flows starting with the initial investment. Get NPV, IRR, payback period, and profitability index in seconds to make data-driven capital budgeting decisions.

FAQ
What is a good NPV?+

Any NPV above zero is considered acceptable — it means the investment earns more than your required rate of return and creates value. The higher the positive NPV, the more value the project adds. A negative NPV means the project returns less than the discount rate and should generally be rejected.

What discount rate should I use?+

For corporate projects, use your Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), which blends the cost of debt and equity. For personal investments, use your opportunity cost — the return you could earn on an alternative investment of similar risk. A common starting point is 8–12% for moderate-risk projects.

What is the difference between NPV and IRR?+

NPV tells you the dollar value added by a project at a specific discount rate. IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV exactly zero. If the IRR exceeds your required rate of return, the project is worthwhile. NPV is generally preferred for decision-making because it accounts for the scale of investment.

Why is my IRR showing N/A?+

IRR requires at least one sign change in the cash flows — typically a negative initial investment followed by positive inflows. If all your cash flows are the same sign, or if the cash flow pattern has multiple sign reversals creating multiple IRRs, the calculator will display N/A. In these cases, rely on NPV for your decision.

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